Causation in Human Rights Cases
November 16, 2023 By Brian Babcock In law, we talk about “causation” as the relationship between a person’s actions and the results that follow. It is a complex legal concept and differs by area of law. The application of the concept in human rights complaints differs materially from the general notions of causation. Causation Generally […]
Relevancy Versus Confidentiality
November 10, 2023 By Brian Babcock In litigation, issues as to the production of documents are common. Parties often want to maintain the confidentiality of records prepared in confidence- employment records, medical records, internal investigations. THE ISSUE How far will courts go in protecting confidentiality? This confuses the concepts of confidentiality and privilege. Privilege is […]
Certificates of Pending Litigation
November 6, 2023 By Jonathon Clark Do you know what a “certificate of pending litigation” ( often called a CPL) is and does? A CPL is a document issued by a court- in Ontario, the Superior Court of Justice – when a party, the Plaintiff, is suing, claiming an interest in land. A CPL is […]
Oppression Remedies, Equity and Arbitration
November 3, 2023 By Brian Babcock Courts continue to defer jurisdiction to arbitrators where parties have agreed to arbitrate. THE ISSUE How far will a court defer where the dispute contains issues beyond claims of breach of contract? THE CASE A recent example at the Superior Court level is Spasiw et al. v. Quality Green […]
Thumbs up for Contracts
October 30, 2023 By Mark Mikulasik A contract requires an offer and acceptance. It also requires consideration, but we already explained that concept. “Offer and acceptance” is one of those topics that law school courses drill into first-year student’s brains, with all the strange variations we seldom deal with in practice. The question, however, can […]
Fixed or Indefinite Employment and Why it Matters
October 27, 2023 By Brian Babcock When does a fixed-term contract of employment become a contract of indefinite duration? In Ontario and most of Canada, employees hired under a contract for an indefinite duration are entitled to “reasonable notice” of termination. In Ontario, although the Employment Standards Act provides the minimum notice, reasonable notice may […]
Making Sure you Have a Contract
September 22, 2023 By Mark Mikulasik In order for there to be a contract, there must be a “meeting of the minds”. Sometimes, this is evidenced by a written and signed agreement. But what if the “agreement” is said to have been verbal, but one party claims that they accurately reduced it to writing? This […]
Pick a Number, Any Number
October 23, 2023 By Brian Babcock You agree to purchase a condominium, but the vendor breaches the agreement. THE ISSUE What are you entitled to as damages? The judge will not simply pick a number- there are rules and processes to be followed. THE CASE According to the Divisional Court in Nguyen v. Hu, in […]
Enforcement of judgments from Outside Ontario
October 20, 2023 By Jonathon Clark If you have obtained a judgment against a person (or corporation) in a court outside Ontario, what do you do? If the judgment is from another province or territory other than Quebec, under the Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act, there is a simple process to register that judgment with […]
Evidence in the Internet Age – Part 2
October 16, 2023 By Brian Babcock The internet is an ocean of information. Some of it is even correct. The paramount rule governing the admissibility of evidence is reliability and necessity. The best evidence is a document or firsthand evidence of a witness. Not all documents are admitted into evidence. Unless the parties agree otherwise, […]